[Django] 12. Django ModelForm

1. Django ModelForm

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• ModelForm : DB의 구조인 Model == 사용자에게 입력받는 Form 일 때 사용한다.
  • ex) 회원가입

• Form : DB에 저장할 필요가 없을 때!
  • ex) 로그인

• 참조할 model Class를 models.py에서 가지고 온다.

from django import forms
from .models import Article

class ArticleForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = '__all__'

• 인스턴스를 만드는 것이 아니라, 함수 자체가 필요하다! 필요할 때 호출하기 위해서 그대로 가져오는 것이다.

• Meta는 데이터를 위한 데이터 작성을 위해서 쓴다.
  • 파이썬의 문법적 개념으로 접근하지 말고 그냥 그렇구나~ 하고 사용하자.

2. CREATE

---

• articles/urls.py

  from django.urls import path
  from . import views
  
  app_name = "articles"
  urlpatterns = [
      path("", views.index, name="index"),
  		# 이 부분을 추가한다.
      path("create/", views.create, name="create"),
  ]

• articles/views.py

  from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
  from .forms import ArticleForm
  from .models import Article
  
  # Create your views here.
  
  def index(request):
      articles = Article.objects.all()
      context = {
          'articles':articles
      }
      return render(request, "articles/index.html", context)
  
  def create(request):
      # 작성했을 때, index 페이지로 이동
      if request.method == "POST":
          form = ArticleForm(request.POST)
          if form.is_valid():
              form.save()
              return redirect("articles:index")
      # 단순히 create 링크로 들어왔을 때, form을 보여줄 곳
      else:
          form = ArticleForm()
      context = {
          'form':form
      }
      return render(request, 'articles/create.html', context)

• articles/templates/create.html

  {% extends 'base.html' %}
  
  {% block content %}
      <h1>CREATE</h1>
      <hr>
      <form action="{% url 'articles:create' %}" method="POST">
          {% csrf_token %}
          {{ form.as_p  }}
          <input type="submit">
      </form>
  {% endblock content %}

• articles/templates/index.html

  {% extends 'base.html' %}
  
  {% block content %}
      <h1>INDEX</h1>
      <a href="{% url 'articles:create'%}">[NEW]</a>
      <hr>
      {% for article in articles%}
          <p>글 번호 : {{article.pk}}</p>
          <p>작성자 : {{article.user}}</p>
          <p>내용 : {{article.context}}</p>
          <hr>
      {% endfor %}
  {% endblock content %}

3. Detail

---

• articles/urls.py

  from django.urls import path
  from . import views
  
  app_name = "articles"
  urlpatterns = [
      path("", views.index, name="index"),
      path("create/", views.create, name="create"),
  		# 이부분을 추가하였습니다.
      path("<int:pk>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
  ]

• articles/views.py

  def detail(request, pk):
      article = Article.objects.get(pk=pk)
      context = {
          'article':article
      }
      return render(request, 'articles/detail.html', context)

• articles/templates/index.html

  <a href="{% url 'articles:detail' article.pk %}">[DETAIL]</a>

• articles/templates/detail.html

  {% extends 'base.html' %}
  
  {% block content %}
      <h1>DETAIL</h1>
      <h2>{{article.pk}}번째 글</h2>
      <hr>
      <p>작성자 : {{article.user}}</p>
      <p>내용 : {{article.context}}</p>
      <p>작성시각 : {{article.created_at}}</p>
      <p>수정시각 : {{article.updated_at}}</p>
  
      <a href="{% url 'articles:index' %}">[뒤로가기]</a>
      {% endblock content %}

cf) 사용자가 경로에 없는 페이지를 요청할 시에 (404) 를 띄우는 방법

• django shortcut 에서 get_object_or_404를 불러온다.

  # articles/views.py
  
  from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404

  def detail(request, pk):
  		# 이 부분을 수정하면 된다.
      article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=pk)
      context = {
          'article':article
      }
      return render(request, 'articles/detail.html', context)

4. DELETE

---

• articles/urls.py

  path("<int:pk>/delete/", views.delete, name="delete"),

• articles/views.py

  def delete(request, pk):
      article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=pk)
      article.delete()
      return redirect('articles:index')

• articles/templates/detail.html

  {% extends 'base.html' %}
  
  {% block content %}
      <h1>DETAIL</h1>
      <h2>{{article.pk}}번째 글</h2>
      <hr>
      <p>작성자 : {{article.user}}</p>
      <p>내용 : {{article.context}}</p>
      <p>작성시각 : {{article.created_at}}</p>
      <p>수정시각 : {{article.updated_at}}</p>
  
      <a href="{% url 'articles:index' %}">[뒤로가기]</a>
      <form action="{% url 'articles:delete' article.pk %}" method="POST">
          {% csrf_token %}
          <input type="submit" value="삭제">
      </form>
      {% endblock content %}

5. UPDATE

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